The Tusculan Disputations (Tusculanae Disputationes), written by Cicero in 45 BC, are a series of five philosophical books in dialogue form. Set in his villa in Tusculum, they explore fundamental questions about life and death, strongly influenced by Stoicism and Platonism.
Each book addresses a specific topic. The first discusses the fear of death, arguing that the soul is either immortal or that death is an eternal rest. The second examines pain and how reason helps to endure it. The third and fourth analyze passions and mental disturbances, showing how philosophy can control them. Finally, the fifth discusses whether virtue alone is enough to achieve happiness, asserting that true joy comes from a virtuous life.
Cicero’s style is didactic and persuasive, with a practical approach that adapts Greek philosophy to the Roman mindset. His work has influenced medieval and modern thinkers, establishing itself as a key reference in ethics and moral philosophy.
The Tusculan Disputations invite reflection on the meaning of life, demonstrating how philosophy can provide comfort in the face of human suffering.